Nauka przez zabawę, czyli eksperymenty chemiczne dla dzieci Nauka przez zabawę, czyli eksperymenty chemiczne dla dzieci/ iStock

Nauka przez zabawę, czyli eksperymenty chemiczne dla dzieci

Proste doświadczenia chemiczne można samodzielnie przeprowadzić z dzieckiem w domu, a powodów do ich wykonania jest całe mnóstwo. Czego mogą nauczyć eksperymenty chemiczne i na co zwrócić szczególną uwagę?

Spis treści:

Eksperymenty chemiczne – czego możesz nauczyć dzieci?

Powodów, dla których warto przeprowadzać eksperymenty domowe z dziećmi, jest całe mnóstwo. Taka forma poznawania świata jest najlepszą i najciekawszą formą nauki. 

Dzieci zadają mnóstwo pytań i uwielbiają eksperymentować. Nawet proste eksperymenty potrafią zainteresować, a wiedza „zademonstrowana” jest o wiele łatwiej przyswajana i na dłużej zostaje w głowie. Podczas wykonywania doświadczeń uczymy dziecko cierpliwości, rozwijamy w nim kreatywność i zaszczepiamy zainteresowanie nauką. 

Domowe eksperymenty dostarczają wiedzy, która powinna przydać się również w szkole. Dzięki nim dziecko może zaobserwować reakcje chemiczne rządzące otaczającym światem. Doświadczenia uczą zjawisk chemicznych, fizycznych i przyrodniczych, dlatego rodzice, którym zależy, aby zaszczepić w maluchu miłość do nauki już od najmłodszych lat, powinni razem z dziećmi wykonywać doświadczenia chemiczne w domu.

Eksperymenty chemiczne ‒ jakie wybrać?

Eksperymenty chemiczne należy dopasować do wieku dzieci. Różnego rodzaju doświadczenia chemiczne można wykonywać z powodzeniem w domu, wystarczy pomysł, chęci i zaangażowanie. Proste doświadczenia przy użyciu codziennych artykułów gospodarstwa domowego wzbudzają zainteresowanie. Podczas przeprowadzania eksperymentów ze starszymi dziećmi warto zaaranżować małe, domowe, laboratorium chemiczne. 

Wybuchający wulkan

Eksperyment wybuchający wulkan, choć nie wymaga wielu składników, budzi zawsze duże zainteresowanie. Do jego przeprowadzenia wystarczą: soda oczyszczona, ocet i barwnik. W pierwszej kolejności należy zbudować wulkan, np. z folii aluminiowej, w którego wnętrzu należy umieścić szklankę z czterema łyżkami wody, dwiema łyżkami sody i odrobiną barwnika. Do wulkanu wlewamy ocet. Czekamy na wybuch!  

Gumowa kość

Kolejne doświadczenie, które warto przeprowadzić z dziećmi w domu nosi nazwę „gumowa kość”. Do jego przeprowadzenia niezbędna będzie kość z kurczaka, słoik, w którym kość się zmieści, i ocet. Kość dokładnie myjemy, wkładamy do słoika, zalewamy octem, słoik zakręcamy i zostawiamy na trzy dni. Po tym czasie kość staje się miękka, a wszystko z powodu octu, który rozpuścił zawarty w niej wapń.  

Nie wszyscy rodzice chcą lub nie umieją robić doświadczenia dla dzieci, które wymagają od nich dużego zaangażowania. Dlatego warto skorzystać z gotowych zestawów, dopasowanych do wieku dziecka, dostępnych na rynku. Z pomocą niektórych zestawów można wykonać nawet 200 ciekawych eksperymentów. W pudełku znajdują akcesoria niezbędne do samodzielnego przeprowadzenia doświadczenia – pojemniki, odczynniki, a także instrukcja, która pokaże, w jakiej kolejności wykonywać zadania.

Jak przeprowadzić eksperymenty chemiczne dla dzieci?

Zawsze, niezależnie od trudności i stopnia zaawansowania eksperymentu, należy pamiętać, by przeprowadzić go w bezpieczny sposób. Czasami na pozór błahe i proste doświadczenia mogą niemiło zaskoczyć. Eksperymenty naukowe dla dzieci wymagają od rodziców odpowiedniego przygotowania i dokładnego zaznajomienia się z zachodzącymi procesami. Doświadczenie powinno być dopasowane do wieku dziecka, tak by nie było zbyt trudne, ale też by zaciekawiło. 

Eksperymenty najbezpieczniej jest przeprowadzać na dużym, kuchennym blacie lub na świeżym powietrzu. Ważne, by sprawdzić, czy w domu jest wystarczająca wentylacja oraz czy mamy gaśnicę, jeśli przeprowadzamy doświadczenie z użyciem ognia. Doświadczenia warto zaplanować tak, by jak najbardziej zaangażować w nie dziecko. Na ile to możliwe, należy pozwolić maluchowi na jego wykonywanie.

Na co uważać podczas eksperymentów chemicznych dla dzieci?

Z chemicznymi eksperymentami nie ma żartów, dlatego zawsze należy zachować szczególną ostrożność. Nawet proste doświadczenia chemiczne dla dzieci mogą okazać się niebezpieczne. Największą uwagę rodzice powinni zwrócić na ewentualne substancje żrące, drażniące oczy i eksperymenty z użyciem ognia. Należy pamiętać, by nigdy nie wlewać wody do kwasu, lecz zawsze kwas do wody. Podczas przeprowadzania doświadczeń, szczególnie tych wybuchowych, warto założyć okulary ochronne, fartuch i rękawice.

Źródła:

  1. Bednarek E., Nowopolski K., Mały inżynier, wyd. Centrum Edukacji Dziecięcej, 2020.
  2. Zarawska P., Eksperymenty. Krok po kroku, wydawnictwo Wilga, 2020.

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