jedzące dziecko Co powinno jeść 9-miesięczne dziecko?/iStock

Co powinno jeść 9-miesięczne dziecko?

Dziecko w wieku dziewięciu miesięcy powoli nabywa nowe umiejętności związane z gryzieniem, żuciem i koordynacją pozwalające na samodzielne jedzenie. W jego jadłospisie pojawiają się kolejne produkty oraz żywność o bardziej zróżnicowanej konsystencji. Rodzice w tym okresie często mają wątpliwości, co może się znaleźć w diecie dziecka i ile pokarmu podawać, by zapewnić odpowiedni rozwój niemowlaka. W poniższym artykule znajdziesz odpowiedzi na pytania, ile posiłków to odpowiednia ilość dla dziewięciomiesięcznego dziecka i co maluch w tym wieku powinien jeść.

Spis treści:

Jak często karmić 9-miesięczne dziecko?

Podstawą diety dziewięciomiesięcznego niemowlęcia nadal jest mleko, jednak w jego codziennej diecie uwzględnia się już posiłki uzupełniające. Jeśli mama karmi dziecko piersią, mleko może być mu podawane na żądanie. W sytuacji, gdy niemowlę zamiast pokarmu kobiecego spożywa mleko modyfikowane, powinno je otrzymywać trzy razy dziennie.

Ile posiłków ogółem jest zalecanych dla dziewięciomiesięcznego dziecka? Rekomenduje się, by niemowlę w tym wieku jadło od czterech do pięciu razy dziennie (w tym powinny być uwzględnione trzy posiłki mleczne). W przypadku dzieci karmionych mlekiem mamy liczba posiłków może być większa, jeżeli wynika to z częstszego przystawiania dziecka do piersi.

Ile je maluszek?

Bardzo ważną zasadą przy karmieniu niemowląt jest to, że rodzic odpowiada za decyzję, kiedy i co podać dziecku do jedzenia, natomiast maluch sam decyduje, czy zje dany posiłek, a jeśli tak – ile pokarmu spożyje.

Przyjmuje się, że orientacyjna wielkość jednego posiłku dla dziecka w tym wieku to 190-220 ml (objętość niepełnej szklanki). Warto podawać dziecku porcje w zalecanej ilości, jednak mieć przy tym również na uwadze, że są one uśrednione, a niemowlę w ramach posiłku może zjadać więcej lub mniej pokarmu.

Nigdy nie należy malucha zmuszać do spożycia całego podanego posiłku, ponieważ powoduje to, że stopniowo obniża się jego umiejętność samoregulacji (zdolności do rozpoznawania sygnałów głodu i sytości oraz do adekwatnego reagowania na nie).

W upewnianiu się, że niemowlę je odpowiednią ilość pokarmu, pomagają regularne pomiary przyrostów masy ciała dziecka (wykonywane np. raz w miesiącu). Do ich interpretacji wykorzystuje się siatki centylowe. Utrzymywanie się masy ciała z wiekiem na mniej więcej stałym (prawidłowym) centylu jest dobrym wyznacznikiem tego, że dziecko spożywa ilość żywności odpowiednią do jego potrzeb. Aby ocenić ten parametr u swojego malucha, możesz skorzystać z darmowych, dostępnych online kalkulatorów z siatkami centylowymi dla dzieci w pierwszym roku życia.

Co powinno jeść 9-miesięczne dziecko?

Pokarmy uzupełniające należy zacząć wprowadzać do diety niemowlaka najpóźniej w siódmym miesiącu życia. Rozszerzanie jadłospisu powinno być powolne i stopniowe. Większość ekspertów jest zgodna co do tego, że dziennie najlepiej wprowadzać tylko jeden nowy produkt – umożliwia to ocenienie, czy dziecko dobrze go toleruje.

Niemowlę w wieku od sześciu do ośmiu miesięcy jako posiłki uzupełniające spożywa pokarmy gęste, bardzo dokładnie rozdrobnione (gładkie puree), następnie podawane są dania o konsystencji papki lub puree z grudkami. W jadłospisie dziecka w wieku dziewięciu miesięcy warto uwzględniać już pokarmy drobno posiekane oraz niewielkie kawałki miękkich produktów podawanych do rączki.

Jakie produkty może jeść dziewięciomiesięczne dziecko?

Dziecko w tym wieku może jeść:

  • mleko mamy lub mleko modyfikowane,
  • warzywa i owoce (surowe w formie posiekanej, gotowane w postaci rozgniecionej, miękkie cząstki surowych lub gotowanych owoców i warzyw podawane do ręki),
  • mięso i ryby (w postaci zmiksowanej/drobno posiekanej lub miękkie kawałki podawane do ręki),
  • produkty zbożowe: kasze, pieczywo (produkty zawierające gluten można wprowadzać do jadłospisu dziecka w dowolnym czasie po ukończeniu czwartego miesiąca życia, ale przed 12. miesiącem; należy zacząć od małych porcji zboża jednego rodzaju, np. jednej łyżeczki suchej kaszy manny, podanej po ugotowaniu jako osobny posiłek; po około miesiącu można stopniowo zacząć zwiększać ilość żywności zawierającej gluten w poszczególnych posiłkach i w całym jadłospisie dziecka),
  • jaja gotowane,
  • produkty mleczne, jogurt naturalny, rozdrobnione sery (mleko niemodyfikowane jako główny posiłek lub napój nie powinno być jednak podawane przed ukończeniem przez dziecko 11. miesiąca życia),
  • tłuszcze: oleje roślinne, margarynę, masło (dziewięciomiesięczne dziecko powinno jeść je w bardzo ograniczonych ilościach, stosowane jako dodatek do pokarmów i posiłków uzupełniających).

Czego powinno unikać 9-miesięczne dziecko?

Poza znajomością rodzajów produktów, które dziewięciomiesięczne dziecko może lub powinno jeść, warto mieć także świadomość tego, czego w jadłospisie lepiej nie uwzględniać. Do żywności, która nie jest zalecana niemowlętom w tym wieku, należą:

  • sól i produkty z jej dodatkiem,
  • cukier oraz produkty, które zawierają jego dodatek (w tym słodzone napoje, np. herbatki);
  • miód,
  • sery topione oraz sery z niepasteryzowanego mleka,
  • mleko krowie niemodyfikowane stosowane jako podstawa posiłku.

 

Bibliografia:

  1. Mika P., Matuszczyk M., Socha P. (2018) Kalendarz żywienia – nowe narzędzie obejmujące główne zasady żywienia niemowląt i małych dzieci przez 1000 pierwszych dni, Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria, 15: 569-572.
  2. Szajewska H., Horovath A. (2014) Poradnik żywienia niemowląt. Krok po kroku od narodzin do pierwszych urodzin, Medycyna Praktyczna.

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