Stan podgorączkowy u dziecka – co zrobić?/fot. iStock Stan podgorączkowy u dziecka – co zrobić?/fot. iStock

Stan podgorączkowy u dziecka – co zrobić?

Stan podgorączkowy u dziecka występuje wówczas, gdy temperatura jego ciała wynosi od 37,1 do 38 st. C. Podobnie jak u osób dorosłych, jest to naturalna reakcja obronna organizmu na stan zapalny. Może być on spowodowany wieloma czynnikami, np. infekcją wirusową, czy w przypadku stanu podgorączkowego u niemowląt – wyrzynaniem pierwszych ząbków. O czym jeszcze może świadczyć stan podgorączkowy u dziecka i czy jest on powodem do niepokoju? Odpowiadamy poniżej.

Spis treści:

Stan podgorączkowy u dziecka – kiedy możemy o nim mówić?

Stan podgorączkowy u dzieci i osób dorosłych ma tę samą definicję – można mówić o nim wtedy, gdy temperatura ciała wynosi pomiędzy 37,1 a 38 st. C. Powszechnie za normę uważa się temperaturę ciała na poziomie 36,6 st. C. i każde odstępstwo od niej uznawane jest za stan nieprawidłowy dla naszego organizmu. Tymczasem temperatura ciała jest w dużej mierze kwestią indywidualną i niektóre osoby mogą mieć naturalnie i stale obniżony jej poziom, co nie jest powodem do niepokoju. Dlatego też za stan podgorączkowy nie uznaje się temperatury pomiędzy 36,6 a 37,1 st. C.

Jak mierzyć gorączkę u dziecka?

Pomiaru temperatury u dziecka można dokonywać w miejscach, w których jest ona najbardziej zbliżona do wewnętrznej temperatury jego organizmu, czyli w jamie ustnej (pod językiem), na czole, pod pachą, w odbycie bądź w uchu. Ważną zasadą jest wykorzystanie zawsze tego samego urządzenia i dokonywanie pomiaru w tym samym miejscu. W ten sposób unikniemy ryzyka wystąpienia błędów statystycznych, gdyż temperatura ciała człowieka różni się w zależności od miejsca pomiaru. Oto normy dla dzieci

  • Odbyt: 36,6–38 st. C.,
  • Ucho: 35,6–37 st. C.,
  • Pacha: 35,6–37,2 st. C.,
  • Czoło: 35,6–37,9 st. C.  

Przy mierzeniu temperatury u dziecka warto pamiętać, by dostosować miejsce pomiaru do wieku dziecka. Małym dzieciom (do 2. roku życia) temperaturę najlepiej mierzyć w odbytnicy, w okolicy tętnicy skroniowej lub opcjonalnie pod pachą. Z kolei starszym dzieciom (od 3 do 5 lat)  – w uchu, w jamie ustnej, pod pachą bądź w okolicach tętnicy skroniowej. W razie potrzeby weryfikacji, pomiaru można dokonywać również w odbytnicy. Natomiast dzieciom po 5. roku życia temperaturę najlepiej mierzyć w uchu bądź w jamie ustnej. Można też pod pachą bądź w okolicy tętnicy skroniowej i w celu weryfikacji również w odbytnicy. 

Niezwykle ważną kwestią przy pomiarach temperatury ciała są jej dobowe wahania – w godzinach popołudniowych zwykle jest ona wyższa, natomiast w godzinach porannych – niższa. Warto pamiętać, że stan podgorączkowy u dziecka może być rezultatem czynników niezwiązanych ze stanem zapalnym. Temperatura ciała może podnosić się po aktywności fizycznej, a także może ona stanowić reakcję na stres (np. złość i płacz u dziecka).

Dawkowanie leku na gorączkę - Kalkulator

Oblicz jednorazową dawkę leku

APAP dla dzieci Forte
, kg
ml
Maksymalna ilość dawek w ciągu doby:  

Pamiętaj, aby zachować 6 godzin przerwy pomiędzy dawkami.

Za mała masa ciała dziecka. Lek jest dostępny dla dzieci powyżej 5 kg masy ciała.

Dla pacjentów powyżej 40 kg polecamy APAP Junior

Oblicz jednorazową dawkę leku

Ibuprom Forte dla dzieci
, kg
ml
Maksymalna ilość dawek w ciągu doby:  

Pamiętaj, aby zachować 6 do 8 godzin przerwy pomiędzy dawkami.

Za mała masa ciała dziecka. Lek jest dostępny dla dzieci powyżej 5 kg masy ciała.

Dla pacjentów powyżej 40 kg polecamy Ibuprom w tabletkach lub kapsułkach

O czym świadczy stan podgorączkowy u dziecka?

Stan podgorączkowy u dziecka jest zazwyczaj naturalną reakcją obronną organizmu na toczący się w nim stan zapalny. Może być pierwszym objawem infekcji wirusowej bądź bakteryjnej (np. przeziębienia, grypy, anginy, itp.). W takiej sytuacji oprócz stanu podgorączkowego występują również inne objawy, np. kaszel, katar czy ból gardła. Jeśli zaobserwowaliśmy kaszel i stan podgorączkowy u dziecka, to najprawdopodobniej jest to objaw infekcji. W takiej sytuacji należy obserwować malucha i w razie pogorszenia jego stanu zdrowia udać się z nim do lekarza pediatry.

Stan podgorączkowy u niemowląt może być związany z ząbkowaniem. Wówczas często pojawiają się także inne objawy towarzyszące, w tym: brak apetytu, nadmierna drażliwość, niepokój, wzmożone ślinienie czy łagodna wysypka w okolicy ust. 

Dużo pytań i wątpliwości budzi zależność między stanem podgorączkowym a alergią.  Niekiedy reakcja alergiczna może skutkować wystąpieniem stanu podgorączkowego, a nawet gorączki. Zazwyczaj nie utrzymuje się ona zbyt długo i spada po podaniu leków lub wyeliminowaniu czynnika uczulającego.  

Sporo pytań może dotyczyć też kwestii, co podać dziecku w przypadku stanu podgorączkowego. Odpowiedź może być zaskakująca, ponieważ w takiej sytuacji nie zaleca się podawać leków przeciwgorączkowych, a jedynie obserwować malucha.

Czy stan podgorączkowy u dziecka to powód do niepokoju?

W większości przypadków stan podgorączkowy nie jest niebezpieczny dla zdrowia i życia dziecka. Niemniej jednak jeśli zaobserwujemy u swojej pociechy stale utrzymujący się stan podgorączkowy, to powinniśmy skonsultować się z lekarzem pediatrą – być może jest to naturalna temperatura ciała naszego dziecka, ale na wszelki wypadek specjalista powinien to zweryfikować. 

Skoro zazwyczaj stan podgorączkowy u dziecka nie jest niebezpieczny, to czy może ono wychodzić na dwór? Jest to kwestia bardzo indywidualna, ponieważ jeśli przy stanie podgorączkowym pojawia się także kaszel, katar czy ból gardła, to może to świadczyć o infekcji. W takim przypadku dziecko powinno pozostać w domu, by nie zarażać rówieśników.

Źródła:

  1. I. Cedrowska-Adamus, E. Kozioł, Utrzymanie prawidłowej temperatury ciała noworodka, Biuletyn Okręgowej Izby Pielęgniarek i Położnych w Łodzi, 2010 (7). 
  2. A. Walsh, H. Edwards, Management of childhood fever by parents: literature review, Jurnalof Adwances Nursing, 2006 (54). 
  3. W. Kawalec, A. Milanowski, Diagnostyka różnicowa najczęstszych objawów w praktyce pediatrycznej, 2013, ss. 308.

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