Gdy w nocniku pusto, czyli jak pomóc dziecku przy zaparciach? iStock

Gdy w nocniku pusto, czyli jak pomóc dziecku przy zaparciach?

Przy zaparciach dziecku można pomóc, masując brzuch, zachęcać do kręcenia nóżkami „rowerka”, przyciągać ugięte kolana do klatki piersiowej. Wszystko w formie zabawy, nie przymusu.

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Rola nawyków i rutyny w zapobieganiu zaparciom u dzieci

Zaparcia najczęściej dotyczą dzieci w okresie zmiany. Próby pożegnania z pieluchą i nauka korzystania z nocnika, odstawienie od piersi i wprowadzanie stałych pokarmów, pierwsze dni w żłobku lub przedszkolu. Na zaparcia u dzieci trzeba szczególnie uważać także podczas wakacji, tu kumuluje się wiele czynników sprzyjających ich powstawaniu: nowe miejsce, obca łazienka, inna niż zazwyczaj dieta, pośpiech, zmieniony rozkład dnia. W ferworze wyjazdowych zajęć pierwsze symptomy, zwłaszcza u dzieci, które nie potrzebują już pomocy w toalecie, mogą umknąć uwadze nawet bardzo czujnych rodziców. 

W celu zapobiegania problemom z wypróżnianiem istotne jest wprowadzenie nawyków i rutyny. Posiłki o możliwie stałych porach dnia, ustalone godziny snu i aktywności fizycznej, zachęcanie dziecka do regularnych wizyt w toalecie – to podstawowe zasady, które warto wprowadzić w każdym domu, by uniknąć zaparciom. Dzieci lubią, jak dzień przebiega w znanym mu rytmie, to zapewnia mu poczucie bezpieczeństwa. Maluch nie stresuje się, kiedy następujące po sobie czynności są dla niego w miarę przewidywalne. I tym samym sprzyja utrzymaniu regularnego rytmu wypróżnień. 

Naturalne metody wspomagające wypróżnianie: zioła, nasiona

Często za zaparcia u dzieci odpowiedzialna jest też dieta. Szybki rachunek sumienia pozwala wytypować potencjalnych winowajców. Zamieniamy białe bułeczki na ciemne pieczywo, w wypiekach przynajmniej część pszennej mąki zastępujemy razową, żytnią, gryczaną, odstawiamy śnieżnobiały ryż na rzecz grubej kaszy i słodkie płatki na rzecz owsianych (na osłodę dorzucając do owsianki owoce – najlepsze będą jagody, suszone śliwki i jabłka).  

Uwielbiane przez dzieci banany i wielbiona jeszcze bardziej czekolada to też częste źródło kłopotów, więc bananom i czekoladzie oraz kakao też musimy powiedzieć, przynajmniej na jakiś czas, do widzenia. Dziękujemy również gotowanej marchewce, zamiast niej wprowadzając do dziecięcego menu dużo surowych warzyw. Dieta bogatoresztkowa, pełna błonnika, wzmaga perystaltykę jelit i pomaga w łagodny sposób pozbyć się problemu.  

Zaparciom przeciwdziałać można również wzbogacając dietę o naturalne środki, takie jak zioła i nasiona. Senna i kozieradka Nasiona kozieradki wspierają komfort trawienny, pomagają zrównoważyć pH żołądka. Stymulująco na pracę jelit działają również sennozydy obecne w owocach krzewu Senna angustifoli. Skutecznym środkiem na zaparcia są nasiona siemienia lnianego i chia. Ziarenka tak jednego jak i drugiego można dosypywać do musli, jogurtów, a nawet sałatek. W przypadku dzieci przed podaniem najlepiej jednak dokładnie zmielić ziarna. Siemię lniane można również spożywać w formie napoju. Mieszankę zmielonych ziarenek należy zalać wrzątkiem i pozostawić na około dwie godziny do zaparzenia. Po tym czasie napar jest gotowy do picia.  

Warunek niezbędny – zmianom w jadłospisie musi towarzyszyć picie dużej ilości płynów, najlepiej wody. Bez wody błonnik nie spęcznieje i nie będzie działał tak, jak powinien. 

Jak rozmawiać z dzieckiem o problemach z wypróżnianiem: budowanie zaufania i wsparcia

Gdy maluch unika robienia kupy, wstrzymuje wypróżnienie lub sadzany na nocnik płacze z bólu, trzeba zacząć działać. Jak pomóc dziecku przy zaparciach? Warto rozmawiać. Rodzice mogą nie zdawać sobie sprawy z tego, że czasem dziecko świadomie wstrzymuje wypróżnienie, bo to jedyna rzecz, nad którą może mieć kontrolę. To reakcja na stres i wyraz buntu. Być może maluch nie potrafi tego jeszcze ubrać w słowa, ale przekaz jest jasny: możecie ubrać mnie w wybraną przez siebie koszulkę, położyć do łóżeczka o dogodnej dla was porze, umyć główkę, choć wcale nie mam na to ochoty, ale o tym, kiedy zrobię kupę, decyduję zupełnie samodzielnie.  

Starszaki mogą stresować się pójściem do przedszkola albo koniecznością korzystania z toalety poza domem. Dzieci potrafią wstrzymywać wypróżnienie przez kilka dni, a im dłużej to trwa, tym pozbycie się zawartości jelit będzie boleśniejsze. I tak koło się zamyka, a do listy powodów, z jakich pojawiają się zaparcia, można dopisać strach przed bólem, dlatego tak ważne jest, by w formie spokojnej i swobodnej rozmowy (najlepiej połączonej z zabawą) pozwolić dziecku wyrazić swoje uczucia oraz obawy związane z wypróżnianiem. Rozmawiajmy z dzieckiem o kupie, jak o czymś normalnym, co dotyczy wszystkich – mamy, taty, dziadków lub starszego rodzeństwa. Możemy wesprzeć się dostępnymi na rynku książkami, które w obrazowy sposób wyjaśniają, czym jest kupa i jak przebiega proces wypróżniania oraz co oznacza dla organizmu, jeśli z jakiegoś powodu zalega w jelitach. Zabawa w dom lalek, które poza codziennymi obowiązkami pamiętają o potrzebach fizjologicznych, jak regularne jedzenie, picie i wypróżnianie. Są na rynku dostępne lalki, które nie tylko sikają. 

Sprzymierzeńcem walki z zaparciami u dzieci jest także ruch. Tego niby dzieciom nie brakuje, ale ruch ruchowi nierówny. Chodzi przede wszystkim o pobudzenie do pracy mięśni brzucha – maluszkowi można pomóc masując brzuszek, zachęcać do kręcenia nóżkami „rowerka”, przyciągać ugięte kolanka do klatki piersiowej. Wszystko w formie zabawy, nie przymusu. Zmuszanie nie przyniesie niczego dobrego. Bywa, że to właśnie ono jest źródłem wszelkich problemów.  

Poważne, długotrwałe zaparcia trzeba leczyć z pomocą pediatry. Przy doraźnych problemach niezwykle pomocne mogą być łagodne preparaty pomagające zmiękczyć masy kałowe, dostępne bez recepty i bezpieczne nawet dla malutkich dzieci. Kilka saszetek z proszkiem do sporządzania roztworu dobrze mieć w wakacyjnej apteczce. 

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