Czy kawa w ciąży jest szkodliwa? / istock Czy kawa w ciąży jest szkodliwa? / istock

Czy kawa w ciąży jest szkodliwa?

Mała czarna o poranku to dla wielu z nas rytuał rozpoczynający dzień. Proces zaparzania, zapach, smak, chwila dla siebie – to czynności, które poprawiają humor i dodają energii. Jeśli nie wyobrażasz sobie dnia bez kawy, to z pewnością zastanawiasz się, czy wolno ci będzie pić kawę w ciąży. Wyjaśniamy!

Spis treści:

Właściwości kofeiny

Czy w ciąży można pić kawę? Odpowiedź na to pytanie w dużej mierze zależy od kofeiny, związku z grupy alkaloidów, który występuje w kawie, ale nie tylko. Znajdziesz ją (lub jej pochodne) także w:

  • czekoladzie, 
  • kakao, 
  • napojach typu cola, 
  • napojach energetyzujących,
  • yerba mate,
  • naparach z guaraną, 
  • herbacie.

Kofeina w umiarkowanych ilościach poprawia samopoczucie psychofizyczne i ułatwia koncentrację. Dzieje się tak dlatego, że związek ten przyłącza się do receptorów w mózgu, które normalnie są zarezerwowane dla adenozyny. Adenozyna to związek, który wywiera tzw. presję snu i gromadzi się w mózgu wraz z upływem czasu od pobudki. Im więcej adenozyny, tym bardziej chce Ci się spać. Kofeina konkuruje z adenozyną o te same receptory w mózgu i sprawia, że czujesz się mniej zmęczona.

Jednocześnie kofeina podnosi ciśnienie krwi, przyspiesza akcję serca, poprawia pamięć. W nadmiarze może jednak wywoływać niepokój i splątanie, podwyższone ponad normę ciśnienie krwi, zwiększone stężenie kortyzolu (hormon przewlekłego stresu, którego stężenie rośnie, gdy za mało śpisz). Kofeina jest również szczególnie niebezpieczna dla dzieci i to właśnie wpływa na fakt, że w ciąży należy kawę znacząco ograniczać.

Czy można pić kawę w ciąży?

Można, ale im mniej, tym lepiej. Badania w tym zakresie przynoszą sprzeczne dane. Wiele z nich łączy spożycie kawy ze wzrostem ryzyka poronienia. Wiadomo, że im więcej kofeiny, tym większe ryzyko, jednak nie ma zgody, jaka dawka jest bezpieczna. Zależy to bowiem nie tylko od samej kawy, ale także od innych czynników związanych ze stylem życia czy z poronieniami, które wystąpiły w przeszłości. 

Trudno jest zatem wskazać bezpieczną dla kobiet w ciąży ilość kawy. Już dawka kofeiny wynosząca 200 mg (odpowiednik dwóch kaw espresso) podnosi ryzyko przedwczesnego zakończenia ciąży.

Czy picie kawy w ciąży jest bezpieczne dla dziecka?

Picie kawy w ciąży jest niebezpieczne dla dziecka. Nadmiar kofeiny nie tylko zwiększa ryzyko poronienia, ale wpływa także na opóźnienie rozwoju płodu i może przyczyniać się do niskiej masy urodzeniowej dziecka.

Kofeina bez przeszkód przenika przez łożysku do płodu. Rozwijające się dziecko nie metabolizuje kofeiny tak, jak dorosły. U dorosłego człowieka okres półtrwania kofeiny, czyli czas, po którym połowa kofeiny zostaje rozłożona wynosi od 3 do 7 godzin, co zależy od uwarunkowań genetycznych. Część z nas metabolizuje kofeinę wolniej, dlatego jedna filiżanka kawy rano może skutkować niepokojem po południu.

Płód ma minimalne zdolności do metabolizowania kofeiny przez wątrobę, dlatego może się ona utrzymywać w jego krwiobiegu nawet do 100 godzin! Przez cały ten czas kofeina oddziałuje na organizm dziecka.

Zdolność do rozkładania kofeiny rozwija się dopiero w kilka miesięcy po porodzie, dlatego mamy karmiące piersią również powinny znacząco ograniczyć kawę lub zupełnie z niej zrezygnować.

Ile kawy można pić w ciąży?

Jeśli masz ogromną ochotę na kawę, zaparz ją jak najsłabszą i pij tylko jedną, małą  filiżankę dziennie. Jednak, jeśli nie jest to dla ciebie zbyt dużym kosztem, lepiej w ogóle z niej zrezygnuj. Zobacz, co możesz pić zamiast kawy.

Czym zastąpić kawę w ciąży?

Miłośniczki smaku kawy, a niekoniecznie jej mocy, mogą wybrać kawę bezkofeinową. Duży wybór kaw bezkofeinowych znajdziesz w specjalistycznych sklepach internetowych. Nie jesteś skazana na kawę rozpuszczalną, bo w wersji bez kofeiny dostępne są także kawy ziarniste i mielone o zróżnicowanych smakach.

Dobra kawa bezkofeinowa praktycznie nie różni się smakiem od zwykłej, a daje tyle samo przyjemności. Możesz też śmiało pić kawę zbożową z cykorii lub z topinamburu. Pamiętaj, że pochodne kofeiny zawarte są także w herbacie. Dlatego w ciąży stawiaj przede wszystkim na herbatę owocową czy rooibos.

Dieta w ciaży: Jak zdrowo odżywiać się w ciąży? - sprawdź infografikę!

Dieta w ciąży - jak zdrowo odżywiać się w ciąży?

Źródła:

  • Ling-Wei Chen, Yi Wu, Nithya Neelakantan, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, An Pan, Rob M van Dam, Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of pregnancy loss: a categorical and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies, Public Health Nutr. 2016 May;19(7):1233-44. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002463. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
  • Aimee McCreedy, Sumedha Bird, Lucy J Brown, James Shaw-Stewart, Yen-Fu Chen, Effects of maternal caffeine consumption on the breastfed child: a systematic review, Swiss Med Wkly. 2018 Sep 28;148:w14665. doi: 10.4414/smw.2018.14665. eCollection 2018 Sep 24.
  • Fernanda Pino Vitti, Carlos Grandi, Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli, Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Association between Caffeine Consumption in Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth in the birth Cohort of Ribeirão Preto, Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018 Dec;40(12):749-756.doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1675806. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

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