Herbatka koperkowa na zaparcia/ fot.iStock Herbatka koperkowa na zaparcia/ fot.iStock

Herbatka koperkowa na zaparcia

Zaparcia u niemowląt to częsta i bardzo dokuczliwa przypadłość. Jednym z najskuteczniejszych sposobów na zredukowanie dolegliwości malucha jest herbatka koperkowa na zaparcia. Napar z kopru włoskiego wykazuje działanie wiatropędne i rozkurczowe, dlatego pomaga pozbyć się wzdęć i zaparć. Jaka herbata na zaparcie u niemowlaka może być podawana?

Spis treści:

Zaparcia u noworodka – przyczyny i sposoby na zatwardzenie

Noworodki i niemowlęta często doświadczają zaparć. Takie problemy trawienne są przede wszystkim konsekwencją niedojrzałości przewodu pokarmowego małego dziecka. W pierwszych miesiącach życia przewód pokarmowy dziecka jest dopiero kolonizowany przez florę bakteryjną jelit, zatem procesy trawienne mogą nie zachodzić z pełną efektywnością. Ponadto praca jelit niemowlaka może nie być w pełni prawidłowa. Przekłada się to na spowolnienie pasażu treści pokarmowej i rozwój zaparć. 

Na pewno czynnikiem sprzyjającym powstawaniu zaparć jest karmienie mlekiem modyfikowanym, natomiast u dzieci karmionych piersią zaparcia zdarzają się rzadziej. Nie oznacza to jednak, że dzieci karmione piersią nie doświadczają zaparć. Problem z regularnym wypróżnianiem u niemowląt może wynikać ze współoddziaływania wielu innych czynników, takich jak: 

  • antybiotykoterapia, która zaburza skład jeszcze nie w pełni rozwiniętej flory bakteryjnej jelit, 
  • stosowanie mleka modyfikowanego o nieodpowiednim składzie lub przygotowywanego w niewłaściwy sposób. 

Czynnikiem bardzo często sprzyjającym powstawaniu zaparć jest rozszerzanie diety niemowlaka i włączenie stałych pokarmów. Rozszerzanie diety niemowlęcia ma miejsce od szóstego miesiąca życia i wówczas zaobserwować można większą częstość występowania zaparć. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza wprowadzaniu takich pokarmów jak białe pieczywo, kleiki i kaszki ryżowe, a także po pierwszym kontakcie przewodu pokarmowego malucha ze słodyczami czy smażonymi potrawami. 

Na występowanie zaparć u niemowląt wskazuje wypróżnianie się rzadziej niż trzy razy w tygodniu, a także obecność twardych stolców o dużej średnicy, napięcie brzuszka dziecka oraz płacz i rozdrażnienie podczas defekacji.  

Koper włoski dla niemowląt

Jednym z najczęściej stosowanych przez rodziców sposobem na zaparcia są herbatki dla niemowląt. Na zaparcia stosowana jest przede wszystkim herbatka z kopru włoskiego. Koper włoski, czyli fenkuł to roślina służąca do przygotowania naparu o działaniu wiatropędnym oraz wspomagającym regularne wypróżnianie. Taka herbatka na zatwardzenie u niemowlaka wykazuje działanie rozkurczowe, ułatwiając pasaż treści jelitowej i regulując rytm wypróżnień.  

W ostatnich latach pojawiło się kilka wątpliwości dotyczących bezpieczeństwa stosowania herbatki z kopru na zaparcia. Po pierwsze – olejki eteryczne zawarte w koprze wykazują działanie estrogenne. Oznacza to, że częste podawanie małemu dziecku herbatki koperkowej na zaparcia może zwiększać poziom estrogenów we krwi. A to może skutkować przyspieszonym dojrzewaniem u dziewczynek. Kolejna wątpliwość dotyczy zawartości w herbatce z kopru związku uznanego za rakotwórczy – estragolu. Okazuje się jednak, że rakotwórcze działanie tego związku wykazane zostało jedynie w testach na zwierzętach, gdy stosowano skoncentrowany ekstrakt estragolu. Natomiast napar z kopru włoskiego zawiera znacznie mniejsze ilości tego związku. Ponadto potencjalnie rakotwórcze działanie estragolu neutralizowane jest dzięki wysokiej zawartości antyoksydantów w herbatce z kopru. Obecnie najbardziej rozsądnym postępowaniem wydaje się być konsultacja z pediatrą przed podaniem dziecku herbatki koperkowej dla niemowląt na zaparcia. 

Jak przyrządzić herbatkę z kopru włoskiego?

Herbatki z kopru włoskiego dostępne są w aptekach i sklepach zielarskich. Można oczywiście przyrządzić taką herbatę samodzielnie. Jaka herbatka dla niemowlaka na zaparcia sprawdzi się najlepiej? Osoby ceniące szybkość i wygodę mogą sięgać po gotowe herbatki, które mają postać granulatu lub torebek z suszem do zaparzania. Tego typu herbatka z kopru włoskiego na zaparcia powinna być przygotowywana zgodnie z zaleceniami producenta. Natomiast w celu samodzielnego przygotowania naparu z kopru należy rozgnieść dwie łyżeczki nasion kopru i zalać wrzątkiem, a następnie zaparzać przez kwadrans pod przykryciem. Herbatkę należy ostudzić do odpowiedniej temperatury i od razu podać maluchowi, nie przechowując naparu przez dłuższy czas. 

Od kiedy podawać dziecku herbatkę koperkową na zaparcia?

Nie zaleca się, aby stosować herbatkę z kopru włoskiego dla noworodka na zaparcia. Wynika to m.in. z faktu, że w przypadku dzieci karmionych piersią lepiej jest nie dopajać dziecka. Zazwyczaj herbatka koperkowa zalecana jest dzieciom po ukończeniu czwartego tygodnia życia. Jednak europejska agencja EMEA rekomenduje, aby nie stosować herbatki koperkowej u dzieci poniżej czwartego roku życia bez uprzedniej konsultacji z pediatrą. Wynika to z działania estrogennego herbatki koperkowej. Ponadto zalecane jest krótkotrwałe stosowanie herbatki z kopru, nie przekraczające tygodnia. 

 

Źródła:

  1. Gori L. i nn., Can estragole in fennel seed decoctions really be considered a danger for human health? A fennel safety update; Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012. 
  2. Committee on herbal medicinal products – Assessment report on Foeniculum vulgare; European Medicines Agency, 2008. 

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