Polecane przez lekarzy zabawy z 6-miesięcznym dzieckiem / istock Polecane przez lekarzy zabawy z 6-miesięcznym dzieckiem / istock

Polecane przez lekarzy zabawy z 6-miesięcznym dzieckiem

Dzięki zabawie z 6-miesięcznym dzieckiem kształtujemy jego zdolności do komunikacji, umiejętności motoryczne oraz umacniamy więź z maluchem. Nie masz pomysłu na to, jak bawić się z 6-miesięcznym niemowlakiem? Podpowiadamy, jakie aktywności będą uczyć malucha i jednocześnie dostarczać wam dużo radości.

Spis treści:

Zabawy z niemowlakiem w wieku 6 miesięcy

W wieku sześciu miesięcy niemowlęta zazwyczaj potrafią już:

  • siadać,
  • utrzymywać niewielkie przedmioty między dwiema rączkami, a także trzymać je całą rączką lub kciukiem i palcem wskazującym,
  • koncentrować wzrok na osobie, która do nich mówi,
  • wydawać dźwięki w odpowiedzi na mowę opiekuna,
  • wodzić wzrokiem za upuszczonymi przedmiotami.

Zabawy z dzieckiem pomagają w rozwijaniu umiejętności, które maluch mniej więcej w tym okresie życia będzie nabywał. Jak się bawić z 6-miesięcznym niemowlakiem, żeby wspierać jego rozwój?

Zabawy z różnymi powierzchniami

Dzieci w dużym stopniu poznają świat za pośrednictwem zmysłu dotyku – to ich podstawowe narzędzie pozwalające na interpretację i percepcję otoczenia w okresie, gdy zdolność rozumienia języka i umiejętność mówienia nie są jeszcze dobrze rozwinięte. Świetnym pomysłem jest zachęcanie 6-miesięcznego dziecka do zabawy z przedmiotami o różnych powierzchniach. Jak to zrobić?

Przygotuj kilka rodzajów materiałów o zróżnicowanej strukturze – mogą to być tkaniny, papier, karton, folia aluminiowa, folia bąbelkowa, bibuła. Podawaj po kolei maluchowi każdy z wybranych materiałów i pozwól, żeby zapoznał się z ich teksturą. Pokaż niemowlakowi, że niektóre z nich (np. papier, folię) można zgniatać i słychać przy tym różne dźwięki. Zachęć dziecko, żeby samo też spróbowało to zrobić. Na koniec zgniecione materiały spróbujcie razem wrzucić do pudełka lub torebki.

Dzięki zabawie 6-miesięczne dziecko ćwiczy chwytanie i manewrowanie przedmiotami oraz uczy się rozpoznawać dźwięki.

Edukacyjne zabawy z niemowlakiem

Edukacyjne zabawy z 6-miesięcznym niemowlakiem wspomagają rozwój słuchu i mowy, kształtują zdolności poznawcze i pozwalają maluchowi na ćwiczenie motoryki ciała.

Zabawa w „trzy ręce”

Ta zabawa rozwija u 6-miesięcznego dziecka umiejętności związane z rozwiązywaniem problemów. Podaj maluchowi po jednej zabawce do każdej z rączek. Gdy obie będą już zajęte, zaoferuj mu jeszcze jedną, trzecią zabawkę. Co zrobi w takiej sytuacji maluch? Będzie próbował jednocześnie utrzymać dwa przedmioty w jednej z rączek czy upuści wszystkie zabawki, chcąc chwycić za kolejną? A może odłoży jedną zabawkę, zanim sięgnie po następną?

Zabawy w kuchni

Kuchnia jest świetnym miejscem do nauki przez zmysły. Choć przykaz „nie baw się jedzeniem” powtarzany był dzieciom przez pokolenia rodziców, to wykorzystanie różnych produktów spożywczych do zabawy okazuje się być dla maluchów (szczególnie niemowląt) korzystne w kontekście rozwoju wielu ważnych umiejętności.

W czasie rozszerzania diety malucha pozwól mu poznawać strukturę jedzenia za pomocą rączek. Ten proces nie tylko wspomaga rozwój sensoryczny niemowlaka, ale też może przyczyniać się do większej chęci dziecka do próbowania nowych produktów.

W kuchni możemy ćwiczyć też inne zmysły niż dotyk i smak. Zabawa z garnkami, patelniami i miskami w roli bębnów zdobyła już uznanie wśród ogromnej liczby maluchów. W połączeniu z metalowymi oraz drewnianymi łyżkami świetnie się one sprawdzają jako narzędzia do rozwoju zmysłu słuchu u malucha.

Zabawa z książeczkami sensorycznymi

Do zabawy z 6-miesięcznym dzieckiem wybierz książeczki, które są krótkie i kolorowe. Czytaj niemowlakowi w wolnym tempie, zmieniając ton głosu, mimikę twarzy i gestykulację. Możesz także wypróbować z maluchem zabawę ze specjalnymi książeczkami sensorycznymi, które zaprojektowane zostały z myślą o pobudzaniu różnych zmysłów u dziecka. Mają one zwykle elementy „dotykowe” (np. materiały o różnych fakturach), „dźwiękowe” (np. szeleszczące kartki) oraz „wzrokowe” (zwykle wielobarwne obrazki w mocno kontrastujących kolorach).

Wielkość książeczek sensorycznych jest dostosowana do możliwości manualnych dziecka, dzięki czemu maluch ćwiczy chwytanie. Zabawki są zaprojektowane tak, żeby niemowlę nie niszczyło ich podczas intensywnej zabawy, nawet gryząc, ściskając lub szarpiąc książeczkę. Większość z nich można też prać w pralce.

Zabawa z niemowlakiem w „Gdzie jest mama?”

„Gdzie jest mama?” to klasyk wśród zabaw z niemowlakami. Będąc blisko dziecka, zakryj swoją twarz dłońmi, kocykiem lub innym kawałkiem materiału, który masz pod ręką. Zapytaj malucha „Gdzie jest mama?”. Odsłoń twarz (bez gwałtownych ruchów, żeby nie przestraszyć niemowlaka) i powiedz „A kuku!”.

Większość dzieci uwielbia tę zabawę i odkrywanie obecności rodzica wywołuje u nich całe salwy śmiechu. Jednocześnie uczy ona niemowlęta, że nawet jeśli danej osoby (lub innego obiektu) nie widać, nie oznacza to, że nie istnieje. Jest to koncept, który maluchy zaczynają zwykle rozumieć w wieku 6–8 miesięcy. Zanim do tego dojdzie, odsłaniając twarz, szczerze zaskoczymy dziecko. Nawet później zabawa dla malucha jest jednak bardzo ekscytująca – niemowlę za każdym razem z radością wita „pojawienie się” rodzica.

Źródła:

  1. National Institutes of Health (2019) Infant – newborn development, MedlinePlus.
  2. Ellis D. Hendricks C. i wsp. (2014) Module Two Training Guide: Promoting Physical Activity for Infants and Toddlers in Early Childhood Settings, Alabama Department of Public Health.
  3. Paroche M. M., Caton S. J., Vereijken C. M. J. L. i wsp. (2017) How Infants and Young Children Learn About Food: A Systematic Review, Frontiers in Psychology, 8: 1046.

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