Ojciec karmi dziecko Ojciec karmi dziecko/ Zdjęcie: iStock

Jadłospis 6-miesięcznego dziecka

W pierwszym półroczu życia mogłaś karmić dziecko mlekiem i nie podawać mu żadnych innych pokarmów. Teraz wkraczasz w okres stopniowego wprowadzania do diety malucha produktów uzupełniających. Co powinnaś wiedzieć o żywieniu dziecka 6-miesięcznego dziecka? Jak rozszerzać jadłospis niemowlaka po pierwszym półroczu życia?

Spis treści:

Co musisz wiedzieć o karmieniu dziecka w 6 miesiącu życia?

Mleko mamy uznawane jest za pokarm idealny, najlepiej dostosowany do potrzeb dziecka przez pierwsze sześć miesięcy życia. Wyłączne karmienie piersią przez pół roku od urodzenia dostarcza wszystkich niezbędnych maluchowi składników odżywczych poza witaminami D i K, które niemowlę otrzymuje w postaci suplementów.

Alternatywę dla pokarmu kobiecego stanowi mleko modyfikowane. Producenci mieszanek mlecznych dbają o to, by pod kątem zawartości składników pokarmowych produkt gotowy był jak najbardziej zbliżony do mleka mamy.

Po etapie wyłącznego karmienia piersią lub mlekiem modyfikowanym zaczynamy stopniowo wprowadzać do diety pokarmy uzupełniające. Moment rozpoczęcia rozszerzania diety ma duże znaczenie w kontekście zdrowia malucha:

  • zbyt wczesne wprowadzanie pokarmów uzupełniających (przed ukończeniem 17. tygodnia życia) może spowodować, że niemowlę zacznie spożywać mniej mleka – pożywienia najlepiej dostosowanego do jego potrzeb żywieniowych na tym etapie życia – przez co z kolei zmniejszy się ilość produkowanego pokarmu,
  • zbyt późne rozpoczęcie rozszerzania diety (po 26. tygodniu życia) zwiększa ryzyko niedoborów składników pokarmowych, szczególnie żelaza – zapasy tego mikroelementu u niemowląt wystarczają na około 6 miesięcy życia, a mleko kobiece prawie go nie zawiera.

Właśnie ze względu na ryzyko niedoborów, w jadłospisie 6-miesięcznego dziecka uwzględniamy już także produkty inne niż mleko. Jak karmić niemowlę w tym wieku?

Czym i jak często karmić maluszka?

Przez pierwsze miesiące życia dziecko jest karmione piersią lub mlekiem z butelki ze smoczkiem. Pokarmy uzupełniające dziecku podajemy natomiast łyżeczką. Pierwsza łyżeczka, którą karmimy malucha, powinna być:

  • twarda – tak, by nie uginała się na języku dziecka; jest to wymagane do nauki prawidłowej reakcji ruchowej potrzebnej do pobierania pokarmu z łyżeczki,
  • płaska – z takiej łyżeczki niemowlakowi łatwiej zabrać pokarm wargami,
  • prosta i nieprofilowana na rączce – ułatwia to wyjmowanie z ust niemowlaka.
  • niezbyt duża.

Jak często karmić 6-miesięczne dziecko? Zaleca się, by niemowlę codziennie spożywało około pięciu posiłków, co mniej więcej trzy godziny. W tym należy zawrzeć trzy posiłki mleczne. Jeśli karmisz malucha piersią, możesz podawać mu pokarm „na żądanie” – nawet jeśli oznacza to, że będzie jadł o kilka posiłków dziennie więcej.

Orientacyjna wielkość jednej porcji to 170-180 ml, jednak jest to ilość uśredniona – najlepiej pozwolić dziecku kierować się własnym apetytem. Wspomaga to budowanie umiejętności samoregulacji ilości spożywanego pokarmu.

Jadłospis 6-miesięcznego dziecka

Co można podawać dziecku po 6 miesiącu? Rozszerzanie diety rozpoczynamy od:

  • warzyw (z zasady najpierw podajemy warzywa, dopiero później, po około dwóch tygodniach, wprowadzamy do jadłospisu także owoce; dzieci mają naturalną preferencję w kierunku smaku słodkiego, więc jeśli zaczniemy oferować dziecku najpierw produkty o wysokiej zawartości cukrów, trudniej będzie o akceptację warzyw, które mają bardziej delikatny, mniej słodki smak; 6-miesięczne niemowlę może jeść warzywa takie jak np. marchew, brokuł, dynia, szpinak, kalafior, pietruszka, groszek, cukinia)
  • mięsa i jaj (powinny znaleźć się w jadłospisie 6-miesięcznego dziecka ze względu na wysoką zawartość żelaza),
  • kaszek glutenowych lub bezglutenowych (gluten możemy do diety dziecka wprowadzać na początku rozszerzania diety, nawet w 5. miesiącu życia, choć nie jest to konieczne; powinien się pojawić w diecie niemowlaka przed 12. miesiącem).

Co jeszcze dziecko może jeść po 6. miesiącu życia? Do jadłospisu półrocznego dziecka warto powoli wprowadzać także produkty z innych grup, w tym tłuszcze (oleje roślinne, masło), orzechy (zmielone), ryby, niewielkie ilości nabiału (np. jogurtu naturalnego), przyprawy (np. koperek, natkę pietruszki, bazylię).

Posiłki uzupełniające powinny mieć początkowo konsystencję gładkiego puree, następnie można podawać niemowlakowi pokarmy w postaci puree z grudkami.

Czego unikać i o czym pamiętać?

Których produktów nie wprowadzamy do menu 6-miesięcznego dziecka?

  • soli, cukru oraz produktów z ich dodatkiem,
  • miodu,
  • syropów słodzących,
  • sera topionego,
  • produktów z niepasteryzowanego mleka,
  • niemodyfikowanego mleka stosowanego jako podstawy posiłku,
  • produktów i potraw smażonych.

Żywienie dziecka w wieku 6 miesięcy może być dużym wyzwaniem dla rodziców, szczególnie jeśli maluch nie chce próbować nowych pokarmów. Pamiętaj, by nie zrażać się, jeśli masz trudności w rozszerzaniu diety niemowlaka z powodu braku akceptacji nowych smaków – to tylko etap przejściowy. Wielokrotne podawanie dziecku nowych produktów w końcu spowoduje, że maluch zacznie je tolerować i chętniej jeść.

Źródła:

  1. Mika P., Matuszczyk M., Socha P. (2018) Kalendarz żywienia – nowe narzędzie obejmujące główne zasady żywienia niemowląt i małych dzieci przez 1000 pierwszych dni, Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria, 15: 569-572.
  2. Szajewska H., Horovath A. (red.) (2014) Poradnik żywienia niemowląt. Krok po kroku od narodzin do pierwszych urodzin, Medycyna Praktyczna.
  3. Szajewska H., Horovath A., Rybak A. (2016) Karmienie piersią. Stanowisko Polskiego Towarzystwa Gastroenterologii, Hepatologii i Żywienia Dzieci, Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 13: 9-24.

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