probiotyki dla dzieci - jakie warto wybrać

Probiotyki dla dzieci – jakie wybrać?

Bakterie towarzyszą nam od pierwszych chwil życia. Te chorobotwórcze powodują problemy ze zdrowiem a w konsekwencji z odpornością. Nasz organizm zasiedlony jest także drobnoustrojami o korzystnych właściwościach, które przywracają prawidłową pracę przewodu pokarmowego w czasie antybiotykoterapii. Jakie probiotyki dla dzieci będą najlepsze?

Spis treści:

Co to są probiotyki?

Probiotyki nazywamy „dobrymi bakteriami”, ponieważ wspierają odbudowę mikrobioty jelit i układu odpornościowego. Jest to szczególnie ważne u dzieci, których mikrobiom intensywnie rozwija się w pierwszych latach życia. Dowiedziono, że osłabiona i mało zróżnicowana mikrobiota jelitowa sprzyja rozwojowi różnych dolegliwości, osłabieniu i rosnącej skłonności do infekcji. Nieprzypadkowo nazwa probiotyk pochodzi od greckiego „pro bios”, czyli „dla zdrowia”.

W skład preparatów probiotycznych wchodzą zazwyczaj bakterie kwasu mlekowego: Bifidobacterium i Lactobacillus. Prozdrowotne właściwości posiadają również drożdże Saccharomyces cerevisiae ssp boulardi oraz niektóre gatunki bakterii Bacillus i Escherichia.

By szczepy bakterii mogły spełniać swoją probiotyczną rolę, powinny mieć zdolność adherencji (przyczepiania się) do komórek w jelitach i łatwego kolonizowania  przewodu pokarmowego, być oporne na pH soków trawiennych i nie wytwarzać szkodliwych dla zdrowia toksyn. Preparaty probiotyczne mogą być jedno- i wieloskładnikowe.

Jaką rolę pełnią probiotyki m.in. w diecie dziecka?

Mikrobiom jelitowy to zbiór miliardów bakterii w jelitach, który odgrywa ważną rolę w fizjologii całego organizmu. Dziecko rodzi się z niemal jałowym przewodem pokarmowym. Pierwszy kontakt noworodka z bakteriami to drogi rodne matki. Niestety, już ponad połowa dzieci rodzi się drogą cesarskiego cięcia, a to znacznie upośledza naturalną kolonizację bakteriami u dziecka.

W rozwoju mikrobiomu dziecka niezwykle istotne są pierwsze trzy lata życia. Na różnorodność mikrobioty bateryjnej wpływa wówczas wiele czynników – od sposobu porodu, przez karmienie (najlepiej naturalne) po czynniki środowiskowe, a szczególnie przyjmowanie antybiotyków. Jednym ze sposobów przywrócenia równowagi w mikrobiomie jelitowym może być suplementacja probiotykami.

Probiotyki wykazują zróżnicowane mechanizmy działania, które w dużej mierze zależą od gatunku i szczepu.

Podanie dobrych bakterii może wpływać na:

– ochronę przed kolonizacją bakterii chorobotwórczych,

– poprawę pracy przewodu pokarmowego, m.in. zmniejszenie ilości stolców przy biegunce,

– stabilizację składu mikrobiomu,

– niektóre szczepy bakterii biorą również udział w procesie wytwarzania witamin oraz pozytywnie wpływają na układ odpornościowy.

Jak odbudować mikrobiotę jelitową u dziecka?

Polecamy

Jak odbudować mikrobiotę jelitową u dziecka?

Antybiotykoterapia, sposób żywienia, a w przypadku dzieci, nawet sposób przyjścia na świat – mają istotny wpływ na jakość mikrobioty i jej zadania. Jak poprawić mikrobiotę bakteryjną dziecka?

Czytaj

Kiedy podawać dziecku probiotyk?

Probiotyki mogą być użyteczne m.in. w ostrej biegunce wirusowej, a także w leczeniu i zapobieganiu biegunce związanej z antybiotykoterapią. Mogą także spełnić pokładane w nich nadzieje w przypadku zespołu jelita drażliwego a nawet w chorobach zapalnych jelit.

Co ważne, probiotyki działają nie tylko w przewodzie pokarmowym. Mogą wspierać organizm dziecka w czasie infekcji układu moczowego a nawet w zapaleniu dziąseł.

Jakie probiotyki wybrać dla dziecka?

Przy wyborze odpowiedniego probiotyku dla dziecka, rodzic powinien kierować się kilkoma zasadniczymi kryteriami. Po pierwsze – właściwości probiotyków są szczepozależne, a to znaczy, że określone działanie preparatu jest związane ze ściśle określonym szczepem bakterii, np. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG pełni pożyteczną rolę w przewodzie pokarmowym, z kolei Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 lepiej sprawdzi się w układzie moczowo-płciowym.

Warto również zwrócić uwagę, czy preparat zawiera dodatek prebiotyku, który przyspiesza namnażanie się dobroczynnych bakterii, a także czy zastosowana została technologia zwiększająca przeżywalność probiotyku w trudnych warunkach panujących w żołądku.

Ważnym aspektem, o którym warto pamiętać przy wyborze probiotyku dla dziecka, jest jego forma. Na rynku wybór produktów i form jest naprawdę szeroki – mamy preparaty w kapsułkach, saszetkach czy kroplach. Najwygodniejszą formą dla dzieci może okazać się probiotyk w kroplach, który można podać bezpośrednio do ust bądź w ulubionym napoju.

Naturalne probiotyki dla dziecka

Zasiedleniu przewodu pokarmowego dziecka naturalnymi probiotykami sprzyja karmienie piersią, poród naturalny, unikanie antybiotykoterapii w pierwszych latach życia, stosowanie mieszanek mlecznych z pro- i prebiotykami, które dostępne są w aptekach oraz drogeriach.

Fizjologicznej mikrobiocie sprzyjają także produkty fermentowane. Do produktów fermentowanych zaliczamy m.in. wszelkiego rodzaju kiszonki. W przypadku mniejszych dzieci naturalne źródło probiotyków mogą stanowić wszelkiego rodzaju fermentowane produkty mleczne – jogurty i kefiry. Szczególnie wartościowy jest ten drugi produkt, ponieważ proces jego fermentacji przebiega z udziałem bakterii i drożdży, a to sprzyja namnażaniu bakterii probiotycznych.

Źródła:

  1. Guarino A. et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition: July 2014, Volume 59, Issue 1, p 132-152
  2. Hill C., Guarner F., Reid G. et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11, 506–514 (2014).
  3. Su G.L., Ko C.W., Bercik P. et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Role of Probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2020 Aug;159(2):697-705.
  4. Swanson K.S., Gibson G.R., Hutkins R. et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17, 687–701 (2020).

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