Czym są afty i jak się ich pozbyć?\ Adobe Stock

Czym są afty i jak się ich pozbyć?

Afty to bolesne zmiany na błonie śluzowej. Choć w większości przypadków nie pozostawiają po sobie trwałych następstw, mogą świadczyć o problemach autoimmunologicznych. Skąd się biorą afty i jakie są na nie domowe sposoby?

Spis treści:

Skąd się biorą afty?

Powstawanie aft do tej pory nie zostało w pełni wyjaśnione. Uważa się, że jedną z przyczyn mogą być miejscowe zaburzenia funkcjonowania układu immunologicznego. Do sytuacji takich dochodzi m.in. podczas skaleczenia, przy obecności ciała obcego, przy nieprawidłowo dobranej protezie zębowej czy też narażeniu śluzówki jamy ustnej na podrażnienie i uszkodzenie, np. przy ugryzieniu się w usta czy policzek.  Wśród innych potencjalnych przyczyn wystąpienia aft wymienia się także osłabienie organizmu na skutek infekcji bądź stresu, a także niedobór mikroelementów czy witamin, takich jak żelazo, kwas foliowy lub witamina B12. 

W znaczącej większości przypadków afty występują sporadycznie i nie są związane z żadną patologią. Warto podkreślić jednak, że w niektórych sytuacjach nawracającei trudno gojące się afty o dużych rozmiarach mogą świadczyć o poważniejszym problemie zdrowotnym, wymagającym wdrożenia odpowiedniej diagnostyki. Wśród jednostek chorobowych przebiegających z nawracającymi aftami wymienia się:

  • nieswoiste zapalenia jelit, do których zalicza się chorobę Leśniowskiego-Crohna czy też wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego,
  • celiakię,
  • toczeń rumieniowaty układowy,
  • chorobę Addisona-Biermera,
  • zakażenie wirusem HIV.

    Jak rozpoznać afty?

    Afty to ubytki, czyli inaczej nadżerki, w błonie śluzowej, lokalizujące się w obrębie policzków, języka, warg, podniebienia czy też gardła. Początkowo sprawiają silne dolegliwości bólowe, a zmiana ma intensywne czerwone zabarwienie. Przed jej pojawieniem się możliwe jest odczuwanie mrowienia w miejscu, w którym wystąpi afta.

    Po ok. 2 dniach, w centralnej części afty pojawia się biały włóknikowy nalot. Nadżerka w dalszym ciągu powiększa swoje rozmiary, by po 4 dniach osiągnąć swoją docelową wielkość. Następnie zmiana zaczyna się goić i trwa to przez kolejne 7-14 dni. Afta w znaczącej większości przypadków nie zostawia po sobie blizny. 

    Specjaliści dzielą afty na trzy rodzaje:

    • Afty Mikulicza – małe afty, które są najczęstsze i goją się samoistnie po ok. 2 tygodniach, nie pozostawiając po sobie blizny.
    • Afty Suttona – większe nadżerki osiągające ponad 1 cm średnicy, gojące się nawet 6 tygodni i pozostawiające po sobie blizny na błonie śluzowej jamy ustnej. 
    • Afty opryszczkopodobne – drobne zmiany gojące się bez komplikacji po ok. 3 tygodniach.

    Afta – jak się jej pozbyć?

    Afty w większości przypadków goją się samoistnie. Z uwagi jednak na fakt wywoływania przez nie silnych dolegliwości bólowych wiele ludzi stosuje domowe sposoby na afty. W przypadku występowania małych, tradycyjnych aft, postepowanie ogranicza się do leczenia miejscowego za pomocą środków przeciwbólowych i przeciwzapalnych. Ważne jest także szczególne zadbanie o higienę jamy ustnej, a także unikanie nadmiernego stresu. 

    W przypadku nawracających, trudno gojących się aft o dużych rozmiarach warto zgłosić się do lekarza rodzinnego, a także wykonać badania z krwi, takie jak morfologia czy też poziom witaminy B12 oraz kwasu foliowego. W niektórych przypadkach konieczne może być także poszerzenie diagnostyki i wykluczenie innych przyczyn pojawienia się aft, takich jak nieswoiste zapalenia jelit czy też celiakia.

    Co na odporność dla dziecka? Co przyjmować a czego unikać?

    Polecamy

    Co na odporność dla dziecka? Co przyjmować a czego unikać?

    Dzieci, w szczególności te uczęszczające do żłobka czy przedszkola, często zmagają się z infekcjami. Katar, kaszel i podwyższona temperatura, które towarzyszą infekcjom, są wynikiem zaburzenia układu odpornościowego. Co przyjmować na odporność dla dziecka?

    Czytaj

    Domowe sposoby na afty

    Sposoby na afty możliwe do zastosowania w domu sprowadzają się najczęściej do postępowania odkażającego oraz przeciwbólowego. Jako naturalne sposoby na afty wymienia się m.in. płukanie jamy ustnej roztworem soli przez ok. 30 sekund. Doprowadza to przede wszystkim do osuszenia zmiany i przyspiesza proces gojenia. 

    Skuteczne w zwalczaniu aft mogą okazać się także preparaty z szałwii. Towarzystwa medyczne zalecają również stosowanie miejscowych preparatów w postaci maści przeciwbólowych oraz przeciwzapalnych. Kiedy dolegliwości bólowe są mocno nasilone, należy udać się do lekarza, gdyż konieczne może być zastosowanie bardziej specjalistycznego leczenia.

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