Co na kaszel u dziecka? Domowe sposoby na kaszel u dziecka/ Domowe sposoby na kaszel u dziecka/ fot. iStock

Domowe sposoby na kaszel u dziecka

Kaszel u dzieci bywa niepokojący. Rodzice często nie mają pewności, czy kaszel jest suchy czy mokry, dlatego nie wiedzą, jak pomóc dziecku. Kiedy kaszel jest powodem do niepokoju i powinniśmy odwiedzić lekarza? Czy domowe sposoby na kaszel u dziecka wystarczą? Sprawdź, co robić, gdy dziecko ma kaszel i czy stosowanie inhalacji, słynnego syropu z cebuli i nawilżanie pomieszczeń mają sens.

Spis treści:

Kaszel u dziecka – mokry czy suchy?

Kaszel może być objawem poważnej choroby, ale też przebytej już infekcji, alergii, przeziębienia. Choć często brzmi niepokojąco, tak naprawdę jest odruchem obronnym. Kaszel ma wiele przyczyn i to od nich w dużej mierze zależy, czy jest to kaszel suchy czy mokry.

Suchy, uporczywy kaszel zwany jest nieproduktywnym. Suchy kaszel „zaczyna się” w krtani, gardle lub oskrzelach. W trakcie infekcji nabłonek jest podrażniony i wrażliwy na wszelkie drobnoustroje i wówczas pojawia się drapanie, które wymaga odkrztuszenia. Napad suchego kaszlu może pojawić się po głębszym wdechu czy mówieniu.

Mokry kaszel brzmi inaczej i ma inną przyczynę. Gdy do jamy ustnej przedostaje się wydzielina z dalszych odcinków układu oddechowego, mamy do czynienia z kaszlem produktywnym. Flegma może być przezroczysta, lub biała jak śluz, ale może mieć również zabarwienie ropne: żółte lub jasnozielone. Obecność wydzieliny jest głównym, ale niejedynym czynnikiem odróżniającym kaszel suchy od mokrego. 

Kaszel mokry nie jest tak męczący jak suchy. Jego celem jest oderwanie się nagromadzonej wydzieliny. Gdy się to uda, kaszel ustępuje. Kaszel mokry może się nasilać po przebudzeniu. Suchy zaś charakteryzuje się łaskotaniem w gardle, ma charakter napadowy i często nie przynosi znaczącej ulgi. Kaszel suchy dokucza również w nocy.

Kiedy kaszel u dziecka jest powodem do niepokoju?

Jeśli kaszel jest jedynym objawem, który dokucza dziecku i jest to kaszel produktywny, zwykle nie ma powodów do obaw. Często kaszel suchy po ok. 3 dniach zamienia się w kaszel mokry. Wówczas powinny pomóc domowe sposoby na kaszel.

Do lekarza powinniśmy wybrać się, jeśli oprócz kaszlu występują inne objawy, takie jak: gorączka, ból gardła, duszności, wysypki skórne, ból w klatce piersiowej, plwocina zabarwiona krwią, występuje utrata masy ciała czy uczucie ściśniętego gardła. 

Konsultacja ze specjalistą jest konieczna, gdy kaszel można opisać jako „szczekający” lub jego napadom towarzyszy charakterystyczne „pianie”. Kaszel „szczekający” przypisywany jest ostremu zapaleniu krtani, zaś „pianie” to objaw krztuśca. W przypadku kaszlu u dzieci do 3. miesiąca życia zawsze należy konsultować się z lekarzem, bez względu na wystąpienie innych objawów.

Najczęstszą przyczyną kaszlu u dzieci są infekcje wirusowe układu oddechowego, jednak przyczyny kaszlu mogą być różne. Kaszel jest także objawem astmy, dlatego warto obserwować dziecko, by zdiagnozować je na czas. Określenie charakteru kaszlu jest bardzo ważne – bez tego nie da się ustalić sposobu leczenia.

Domowe sposoby na kaszel u dziecka – syrop z cebuli, inhalacje i nawilżanie pomieszczeń

Co na kaszel u dziecka?

Lekarz może zalecić jeden z domowych sposobów na kaszel u dziecka. Popularnym zaleceniem na katar i kaszel są inhalacje z soli fizjologicznej. Inhalacje to bezpieczny sposób na radzenie sobie z kaszlem suchym oraz zalegającą w nosie wydzieliną. Sól fizjologiczna oczyszcza i nawilża drogi oddechowe, przynosi wielką ulgę w bólu gardła.

Jeśli dziecko cierpi na suchy kaszel, często miewa podrażnione gardło, warto sprawdzić, czy przyczyną nie jest suche powietrze w mieszkaniu. Wilgotność powietrza w pomieszczeniach nie powinna jednak wynosić więcej niż 60 proc. Jakość powietrza można znacząco poprawić, używając nawilżacza powietrza. Jest to jednak sposób uzupełniający leczenie oraz element profilaktyki kaszlu.

Popularnym domowym sposobem na kaszel u dzieci jest syrop z cebuli. Stanowi on dobre uzupełnienie kuracji. Sprawdza się zwłaszcza na początku infekcji, dla podniesienia odporności. Syrop z cebuli jest bezpieczny dla kobiet w ciąży, karmiących piersią i małych dzieci. Jedynym przeciwwskazaniem jest cukrzyca lub uczulenie na któryś ze składników.

Podstawowe składniki przepisu na syrop z cebuli to cebula i cukier. Cebulę kroimy w plastry i zasypujemy cukrem, by po jakimś czasie puściła sok. Aby syrop był smaczniejszy, można zastąpić cukier miodem, a także dodać zioła, takie jak: rozmaryn czy tymianek, a także goździki, cynamon, cytrynę oraz imbir. Dla wzmocnienia jego właściwości warto dodać czosnek.

Co na kaszel u dziecka? Oto pozostałe sposoby

Poza popularnymi domowymi sposobami na kaszel u dzieci lekarze rekomendują inne, mniej znane. Zmniejszenie nasilenia kaszlu suchego można uzyskać, stosując olejki eteryczne. Wtarcie wazeliny z dodatkiem olejków eterycznych w skórę klatki piersiowej na 30 min przed snem to z kolei domowy sposób na kaszel w nocy. 

Co ciekawe, z badań wynika, że leki przeciwkaszlowe nie zawsze mają przewagę nad placebo w postaci słodkiego syropu. Ten drugi, jeśli nie zawiera substancji farmakologicznie czynnych, łagodzi podrażnienie śluzówki gardła i może pomóc przetrwać noc bez kaszlu.

Sprawdzonym domowym sposobem na kaszel u dzieci jest sam miód podawany wieczorem. Wpływa on na zmniejszenie nocnego kaszlu w przebiegu ostrej infekcji i lepszą jakość snu. Efekt przeciwkaszlowy miodu w badaniach był porównywalny do dekstrometorfanu, substancji czynnej wielu leków na kaszel. Miodu nie należy jednak podawać niemowlętom z uwagi na ryzyko botulizmu.

Źródła:

  1. Rekomendacje postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego w kaszlu u dzieci dla lekarzy POZ, 2020.
  2. Nowicka-Zuchowska A., Zuchowski A., Leczenie przeziębienia i grypy u dzieci, Farmakoterapia, nr 11/12, 2019
  3.  Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B., Choroby laryngologiczne u dzieci, Medical Tribune, 2020

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