Czarne zęby u dzieci – co zrobić?/fot. Pexels, Cottonbro Czarne zęby u dzieci – co zrobić?/fot. Pexels, Cottonbro

Czarne zęby u dzieci – co zrobić?

Czarne zęby u dziecka to nie tylko problem estetyczny. Czarne ząbki mogą świadczyć o rozwoju próchnicy, która prowadzi do wielu powikłań. Jak uporać się z czarnymi zębami malucha?

Spis treści:

Czemu dziecko ma czarne zęby?

Czarne zęby u dzieci mogą, ale nie muszą świadczyć o próchnicy. Przyczyny czarnych zębów mlecznych u dzieci to nie tylko choroby zębów. Takie zabarwienie uzębienia może również wskazywać na podjęte leczenie.

Najczęstsze przyczyny czarnych zębów to:

  • próchnica – na zębach pojawiają się najpierw białe, a później ciemnobrązowe plamki. Przebarwienia mogą utrzymywać się blisko linii dziąseł;
  • martwy ząb – taki ząb czernieje np. po urazie. Nie jest to całkowicie czarny kolor, ale zabarwienie jest szare, ciemne;
  • choroba hemolityczna w okresie ciąży – konflikt krwi matki i dziecka;
  • zaawansowana fluoroza;
  • lapisowanie zębów.

Na co mogą wskazywać czarne zęby?

Przyczyny czarnych zębów u dzieci to zarówno próchnica, jak i jej leczenie.

Objawy próchnicy u dzieci

Jeśli maluch ma zepsute, czarne zęby, to zwykle stan ten poprzedzony jest obecnością białego lub biało-żółtego nalotu. Próchnica u dzieci szybko postępuje i po niedługim czasie przebarwienia stają się brązowe. Przyczyny próchnicy to niewłaściwa higiena jamy ustnej, niewłaściwa dieta, słabe zmineralizowanie zębów, jak również czynniki genetyczne.

Stosowanie lapisu w leczeniu

Zabieg lapisowania polega na pokrywaniu chorobowo zmienionych powierzchni zębów lapisem, czyli azotanem srebra z olejkiem goździkowym. Mają one działanie bakteriobójcze. Zabieg powoduje charakterystyczne zabarwienie np. czarne zęby przy dziąsłach. Zaleca się regularne powtarzanie lapisowania, aby było skuteczne.

Predyspozycje genetyczne

Współcześnie uważa się, że geny odgrywają większą rolę w chorobach dziąseł i zębów niż dawniej sądzono. Choć oczywiście nie powinniśmy z tego względu zaniedbywać higieny jamy ustnej u dzieci! W przypadku rodzeństw podobnie żywionych i podobnie dbających o zęby – można zaobserwować inny stan zdrowia uzębienia. Osobę ze skłonnością do próchnicy powinno to motywować do jeszcze staranniejszej dbałości o zęby.

Podstawowe zasady higieny jamy ustnej u dzieci

Czy czarne z powodu próchnicy zęby mleczne u dzieci to powód do niepokoju? Niektórzy rodzice wciąż sądzą, że zęby mleczne nie zasługują na wzmożoną uwagę, bo przecież „i tak wypadną”. To oczywiście błąd.

Po pierwsze, zęby nie ulegają wymianie jednocześnie, co oznacza, że bakterie próchnicze mogą zaatakować nowy ząb stały. Po drugie, choroby zębów mogą powodować również inne problemy ze zdrowiem, stany zapalne w całym organizmie, a nawet problemy kardiologiczne.

Temu wszystkiemu można zaradzić, wdrażając podstawowe zasady dbania o higienę jamy ustnej. Oto przepis na zdrowe ząbki malucha:

  • Już w okresie niemowlęcym przemywaj wacikiem, gazikiem lub specjalną szczoteczką dziąsła i pierwsze ząbki malucha. To bardzo ważny rytuał sprzyjający przyzwyczajeniu do regularnego mycia zębów. Odpowiedni masaż dziąseł przynosi również ulgę w czasie ząbkowania.
  • W miarę wzrostu dziecka pamiętaj o zapraszaniu na wspólne szczotkowanie co najmniej 2 razy dziennie.
  • Dostosuj pastę do zębów do wieku dziecka.
  • Po 4. r.ż. dziecka można stosować także nić dentystyczną.
  • Żeby nauczyć dziecko prawidłowego mycia zębów, warto na początku własnoręcznie myć zęby dziecka, za pomocą jego szczoteczki. W ten sposób pokażesz maluchowi, jak docierać do wszystkich krawędzi zębów, jak myć ząbki z przodu i z tyłu, a także jak czyścić język.
  • Atrakcyjny wygląd szczoteczki działa na dzieci zachęcająco.
  • Istnieją szczoteczki, które np. świecą przez czas niezbędny do prawidłowego szczotkowania. Można również zaopatrzyć się w specjalne klepsydry odmierzające czas mycia lub inne akcesoria.
  • Pamiętaj też o regularnych przeglądach stomatologicznych. Wczesne odwiedzenie gabinetu pedodonty sprawi, że dla dziecka taka wizyta będzie oczywistością i przyjemnością. 

– Pierwsza wizyta u pedodonty powinna odbyć się przed ukończeniem przez dziecko półtora roku życia. Później często odwiedzamy gabinet, przynajmniej co pół roku, ale zaleca się wizyty co trzy miesiące – zaleca Anna Jankowska, opiekunka medyczna. 

  • Nie „zarażaj” dziecka lękiem przed dentystą lub szkodliwymi stereotypami o gabinetach dentystycznych. Współczesna technologia gwarantuje skuteczne, bezpieczne i przede wszystkim bezbolesne leczenie zepsutych zębów.

Czy trzeba udać się do stomatologa?

– Najbardziej podatne na próchnicę są dzieci po 3. roku życia – podkreśla Anna Jankowska.– Dlatego tak ważne jest wcześniejsze zapoznanie dziecka z wnętrzem gabinetu. Jeśli oswoimy dziecko z dentystą, zaoszczędzimy sobie i dziecku mnóstwa stresu, a także bólu w przypadku zepsucia zęba. Nie zalecam przekupywania dzieci, ale przed wizytą można umówić się na małą nagrodę za dzielność.

Wizyta u stomatologa jest niezbędna, gdy zauważymy niepokojące przebarwienia, zepsute czarne zęby, rany lub inne zmiany na dziąsłach albo gdy dziecko skarży się na ból zębów. Każda z tych sytuacji świadczy jednak o tym, że tak naprawdę jesteśmy spóźnieni na wizytę, gdyż doszło do zmian chorobowych.

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