Rozszerzanie diety po 6. miesiącu/fot. iStock Rozszerzanie diety po 6. miesiącu/fot. iStock

Rozszerzanie diety po 6. miesiącu

Półroczne niemowlę może już dostawać pierwsze posiłki poza mlekiem mamy albo modyfikowanym. To ważny moment w jego życiu, ale także w życiu karmiącej mamy, która nie miała dotąd zbyt wielu możliwości, by zostawić dziecko na dłużej. Urozmaicanie diety dziecka jest wyzwaniem dla wszystkich. Od tego, jakie nawyki wdrożymy dziecku podczas poszerzania diety, zależeć będą jego preferencje smakowe na wiele lat.

Spis treści:

6. miesiąc życia – czy można rozszerzać dietę malucha?

Zalecenia WHO i kalendarz rozszerzania diety u dziecka stosowany przez polskich lekarzy wskazuje 6. miesiąc życia dziecka karmionego piersią jako odpowiedni moment na rozszerzanie jego diety o nowe produkty. Praktyka pokazuje, że w tym czasie ustępują wszelkie fizjologiczne problemy trawienne, dziecko lepiej trawi, od dawna nie ma już kolej, niepotrzebne jest odbijanie go po posiłku. Zazwyczaj także już siedzi, można więc podawać mu jedzenie na siedząco. 

W wielu przypadkach właśnie stabilność  siedzenia będzie wskazaniem do eksperymentów z podawaniem produktów stałych. W tym czasie dzieci wykazują też dużą ciekawość tym, co rodzice czy rodzeństwo mają na talerzach. To dobra okazja, by eksperymentować z jadłospisem niemowlęcia.

Jakie produkty można wprowadzać?

Jadłospis półrocznego dziecka nadal opiera się na mleku mamy lub mleku modyfikowanym podawanym butelką.  Zaczynamy od zastąpienia jednego karmienia posiłkiem mlecznym z dodatkiem kasz.  Może to być: kasza manna, kukurydziana czy ryżowa. Manna zawiera gluten, który powinno się wprowadzić do diety dziecka między 4. a 12. miesiącem życia dziecka. Choć wiele mówi się o nietolerancji glutenu, nie można izolować od niego dzieci, by nie miały nadwrażliwości na ten składnik w starszym wieku. 

Drugie półrocze życia dziecka to czas na wprowadzanie do jego diety chudego mięsa – na początek drobiu i królika, a później chudych ryb. Podstawą diety malucha powinny być warzywa i owoce.

Początkowo powinno się zastępować posiłkiem stałym jeden posiłek mleczny i nie ustawać w eksperymentowaniu z nowymi smakami.

W jaki sposób wprowadzać nowe produkty?

Rozszerzanie jadłospisu 6-miesięcznego dziecka rozpoczynamy od warzyw. Jako pierwsze na talerzu malucha lądują:

  • marchewka,
  • dynia, 
  • ziemniaki, 
  • brokuły, 
  • cukinia, 
  • groszek zielony, 
  • pietruszka.

Rozpoczynamy od jednoskładnikowym musów warzywnych, kiedy widzimy, że dziecko dobrze na nie reaguje, dodajemy kolejne składniki. Warto jednak nie wprowadzać ich zbyt wielu do jednego posiłku, a raczej przyzwyczajać dziecko do nowych smaków pojedynczo. Najpóźniej wprowadzamy do diety warzywa kapustne, które mają właściwości wzdymające. 

Wprowadzanie do diety owoców powinno rozpocząć się nieco później, niż warzyw. Praktyka pokazuje, że dzieci łatwiej akceptują słodkie owoce, niż warzywa. Mogą krzywić się o odwracać główkę, kiedy będziemy chcieli podać im jakieś warzywo, bo pokarm na łyżeczce będzie kojarzył im się ze słodyczą owoców. 

Wprowadzanie owoców do diety zaczynamy od neutralnych jabłek, które możemy podawać już dziecku w 4. miesiącu życia. Dzieci starsze, półroczne mogą już także dostawać musy gruszkowe, z suszoną śliwką, morelami, brzoskwiniami czy jagodami. Ostrożnie należy postępować z truskawkami czy malinami. Mogą niekiedy uczulać, ale także być uprawiane z użyciem herbicydów.

Na co musisz zwrócić uwagę?

Przy rozszerzaniu diety niemowlaka warto trzymać się kilku zasad:

Dania dopasowane do wieku dziecka

Nie podajemy dziecku produktów nieprzeznaczonych do jego wieku. Jeśli korzystamy z gotowych obiadków w słoikach, sprawdzajmy, by danie było przeznaczone dla dzieci w ich przedziale wiekowym. 

Niewielkie ilości nowego posiłku na początek

Podawanie nowego dania rozpoczynamy od 2-3 łyżeczek i uważnie obserwujemy,  jak reaguje na to system trawienny dziecka. Podobna zasada obowiązuje z nowymi produktami – bardzo powoli zwiększamy ilość mięsa w diecie, stopniowo zwiększamy ilość nabiału.  

Pierwsze posiłki tylko uzupełniają dietę

Pierwsze posiłki dziecka to raczej smakowanie nowych dań i zabawa ich konsystencją. Trudno oczekiwać, by niemowlę zjada od razu cały, przeznaczony dla niego pełnowartościowy posiłek. Dlatego w pierwszych tygodniach traktujmy posiłki stałe jako dodatek do pełnowartościowym posiłków mlecznych.

Objawy problemów pokarmowych

Kiedy zauważamy, że po zjedzeniu nowego produktu u dziecka pojawiają się objawy problemów pokarmowych, takie jak wzdęcia, przelewania treści żołądkowej czy ból brzucha, na pewien czas zrezygnujmy z tego składnika. Układ pokarmowy dziecka cały czas dojrzewa, kilka tygodni później jego reakcja na ten produkt może już być całkiem inna.

Objawy problemów alergicznych

Kiedy w reakcji na nowy produkt dziecko dostaje duszności, albo ma wysypkę na twarzy, w zgięciu łokci, za kolanami i za uszami, możemy podejrzewać alergię, którą warto pokazać lekarzowi. Warto pamiętać, że reakcje alergiczne mogą przebiegać bardzo gwałtownie, a nawet kończyć się wstrząsem anafilaktycznym.  To także wskazanie do pilnej konsultacji lekarskiej, a nawet wezwania pogotowia.

Źródła:

  1. Weker, M. Barańska, Żywienie niemowląt i małych dzieci. Zasady postępowania w żywieniu zbiorowym, IMiD, 2014 r.
  2. J. Sybilski, Choroby alergiczne dzieci, Wyd. Medical Education, 2018 r.

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