Ciężarne nie są w grupie ryzyka, ich życie nie jest zagrożone – uspokaja Dr Grzegorz Południewski – ginekolog, położnik, Klinika Gameta Warszawa Ciężarne nie są w grupie ryzyka, ich życie nie jest zagrożone – uspokaja Dr Grzegorz Południewski – ginekolog, położnik, Klinika Gameta Warszawa

Ciąża i koronawirus – czy kobiety ciężarne są zagrożone? Odpowiada ginekolog

– Większość ciężarnych, nawet nie zdając sobie sprawy, może przejść infekcję wywołaną koronawirusem. Więc nie dramatyzujmy, że kobiety w ciąży mają unikać kontaktu z lekarzem jak ognia i bać się epidemii – mówi dr Grzegorz Południewski, ginekolog, położnik z Kliniki Gameta Warszawa.

Nina Harbuz: Czy wiadomo już, jaki wpływ na kobiety w ciąży ma koronawirus?

Dr Grzegorz Południewski: Najprawdopodobniej, bo wciąż to nie są rzeczy pewne, a jedynie wysoce prawdopodobne, wirus nie przedostaje się przez łożysko do organizmu płodu. Nie widać też żadnych ewidentnych uszkodzeń, które wynikałyby z faktu, że kobieta w ciąży jest zarażona koronawirusem. Kobiety, które były w trzecim trymestrze ciąży, urodziły zdrowe dzieci, u których nie stwierdzono koronawirusa, ani żadnej innej infekcji. Na świat przyszły też dzieci, u których wykryto COVID-19, ale przypuszcza się, że do tej infekcji doszło w trakcie porodu, karmienia czy codziennego kontaktu z matką. Należy pamiętać, że wirus przenosi się drogą kropelkową, wiec matka może zarazić dziecko w trakcie zwykłych czynności pielęgnacyjnych.

Czyli dziecko urodzone przez zarażoną koronawirusem matkę powinno być od niej odseparowane po urodzeniu?

Na ten moment nie ma takiego zalecenia, ale nie jest to wykluczone, że wkrótce zostanie wprowadzone. Czynnik ryzyka zarażenia jest bardzo wysoki. Jeśli takie wytyczne zaczną obowiązywać, to czas odseparowania niemowlęcia od matki będzie podyktowany badaniami wykrywającymi obecność koronawirusa lub przeciwciał w organizmie dziecka. Może to trwać od kilku do kilkunastu dni. I nie chodzi tu nawet o sam przebieg zakażenia COVID-19, tylko o fakt, że zakaźność wirusa jest bardzo wysoka i ma dość długi, bo około 2-tygodniowy okres bezobjawowy.

Jaka jest teraz sytuacja na porodówkach?

To, co się zmieniło, to przepisy dotyczące obecności osób towarzyszących. Nie są teraz mile widziane na oddziałach. Prawda jest taka, że zmieniające się okoliczności, związane z wybuchem pandemii, ograniczają dostęp do pacjentek. I nie ma się co oszukiwać, jakiś czas to potrwa.

To może w obecnej sytuacji porody domowe staną się bardziej popularne?

Nie wiem, trudno mi to ocenić. Poród domowy niesie ze sobą ryzyko powikłań wynikających z samego przebiegu porodu. Do tego istnieje możliwości zainfekowania płodu w kanale rodnym i przez obecność ludzi, bo przecież poród domowy nie odbywa się w całkowitej samotności. Najlepszym rozwiązaniem, na tu i teraz, wydaje mi się zdanie na to, co proponują szpitale, czyli na poród w warunkach szpitalnych, nawet jeśli nie będzie można skorzystać z pomocy członka rodziny. Musimy zrozumieć, że obecne warunki związane z ryzykiem infekcyjnym są zbyt duże, żeby narażać swoje i innych zdrowie i życie.

A czy zarażone koronawirusem kobiety w ciąży, dostają jakieś szczególne wytyczne na czas porodu?

W przypadku, gdy mamy do czynienia z osobą w czynnej fazie choroby, niezależnie od tego, czy jest to grypa, czy koronawirus, to taka osoba powinna mieć inne warunki porodu. Trudno cokolwiek powiedzieć na 100 proc., ale może się okazać, że tak jak przy innych schorzeniach wirusowych, tak i w tym wypadku mogą być zalecane cięcia cesarskie jako sposób rozwiązania ciąży, żeby uniknąć ryzyka zainfekowania dziecka. Jeżeli jednak na porodówkę trafi kobieta, która przejdzie to schorzenie wcześniej i w dniu porodu będzie w pełni zdrowa, to może rodzić drogami natury.

Jeżeli u kobiety w ciąży zaczynają występować objawy koronawirusa, to co powinna robić?

Przede wszystkim musi zawiadomić Sanepid i pogotowie, że ma objawy, źle się czuje, wymaga pomocy i diagnostyki. Osoba przyjmująca zgłoszenie zdecyduje, gdzie zostanie zbadana. Kobiety ciężarne będą albo hospitalizowane na oddziałach zakaźnych szpitala, albo, co jest bardziej prawdopodobne, pozostaną pod obserwacją domową, o ile ich stan zdrowia na to pozwoli. Będzie to uzależnione od przebiegu infekcji i adekwatnie do stanu zdrowia będzie jej udzielana pomoc. Pamiętajmy jednak, że z punktu widzenia fizjologicznego, ciąża nie obniża odporności. Jeżeli pojawia się infekcja, to organizm ciężarnej walczy z nią skutecznie. Jedynym problemem jest dodatkowe obciążenie obecnością dziecka  w brzuchu matki, co utrudnia proces leczenia zwłaszcza w wtedy, gdy pojawiają się powikłania. Większość ciężarnych, nawet nie zdając sobie sprawy, może przejść infekcję wywołaną koronawirusem. Dopiero po 60-tym roku życia ryzyko zgonu z powodu powikłań po koronawirusie gwałtownie rośnie. Więc nie dramatyzujmy, że kobiety w ciąży mają unikać kontaktu z lekarzem jak ognia i bać się epidemii. One nie są w grupie ryzyka i ich życie nie jest zagrożone. Natomiast, jak infekcja wpłynie na rozwój dziecka, tego na ten moment nie wiemy.

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