Skąd się bierze ból brzucha u dziecka?/fot. iStock Skąd się bierze ból brzucha u dziecka?/fot. iStock

Skąd się bierze ból brzucha u dziecka?

Ból brzucha u dziecka może być spowodowany zarówno błędem dietetycznym, jak i schorzeniami wymagającymi pilnej interwencji lekarza. Dlatego dobrze, gdy rodzice nie bagatelizują tego symptomu oraz znają objawy alarmowe, by wiedzieli, kiedy udać się z dzieckiem do lekarza. Jakie są przyczyny bólu brzucha u dziecka w zależności od wieku?

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Ból brzucha u dziecka – przyczyny

Dzieci dość często skarżą się na ból brzucha. Przyczyny dolegliwości różnią się w zależności od wieku. 

U niemowląt ból brzucha najczęściej związany jest z kolką niemowlęcą, ale może być także objawem alergii pokarmowej. Poza tym bardzo często towarzyszy infekcjom takim, jak zapalenie ucha środkowego czy infekcje dróg oddechowych. 

U dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, poza bólem brzucha spowodowanym błędem dietetycznym czy tzw. grypą żołądkową, stosunkowo często lekarze diagnozują pasożyty, m.in. lambliozę. Uznaje się ją za jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn bólów brzucha i biegunek u dzieci w tym wieku. 

Powodem bólów brzucha może być zakażenie Helicobacterpylori, a także należy brać pod uwagę celiakię, w przebiegu której u dziecka pojawiają się biegunka, nawracające aftyi zahamowanie wzrostu. 

Ostre i nagłe bóle brzucha są najczęściej spowodowane chorobami wymagającymi niezwłocznej interwencji lekarza. Są to m.in. kamica pęcherzyka żółciowego, ostre zapalenie trzustki czy też zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego. Najczęściej jednak schorzenia te pojawiają się u starszych dzieci. 

U większości dzieci przewlekłe bóle brzucha są zaliczane do zaburzeń czynnościowych, tzn. nie mają ustalonej przyczyny, gdy badania czy wyniki laboratoryjne nie wskazują na nic niepokojącego. Bóle mogą pojawić się w odpowiedzi na stres czy złe nawyki żywieniowe dziecka. 

Jak rozpoznać ból brzucha u dziecka?

Starsze dziecko najczęściej powie rodzicom, że boli je brzuch. W przypadku młodszych dzieci, rodzice często muszą samodzielnie rozpoznać ból brzucha na podstawie zachowania dziecka. 

Gdy mamy do czynienia z niemowlęciem, przy bólu brzucha będą pojawiały się symptomy takie, jak: podkurczanie nóżek, nieukojony płacz, niepokój i drażliwość. Poza tym dziecko może wymiotować lub mieć biegunkę. Ból brzucha podejrzewać można także w przypadku zaparć czy pojawienia się krwi w stolcu. Brzuch dziecka często jest wzdęty oraz pojawia się duża ilość gazów jelitowych.

Domowe sposoby na ból brzuszka

Sięgnąć po domowe sposoby na ból brzucha można w przypadku, gdy objawy spowodowane są zatruciem pokarmowym, infekcją czy też rodzic podejrzewa kolkę niemowlęcą. Złagodzić objawy można, wykonując delikatny masaż brzuszka. Jeśli nasila on objawy, a dziecko staje się coraz bardziej niespokojne i płacze, należy wziąć pod uwagę np. zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego i skonsultować się z lekarzem. 

Część rodziców zaparza ziołowe herbatki. W przypadku wystąpienia wymiotów czy biegunki bardzo ważne jest bowiem pojenie dziecka, aby nie doszło do odwodnienia. Część ziół ma właściwości rozkurczowe czy przeciwwymiotne, lecz dobrze jest upewnić się, czy można je podawać dzieciom. Jeśli ból brzucha pojawił się w trakcie wprowadzania nowych pokarmów do diety, trzeba obserwować dziecko, czy to objaw alergii pokarmowej lub celiakii. W łagodzeniu bólów często przydaje się ciepły termofor przykładany do brzuszka dziecka.

Kiedy udać się do lekarza?

Ból brzucha może być objawem groźnych schorzeń, które wymagają konsultacji z lekarzem lub wizyty na szpitalnym oddziale ratunkowym. Objawami alarmowymi, które powinny zaniepokoić rodziców, są m.in. ból budzący dziecko w nocy, wystąpienie krwistych, a także przewlekających się wymiotów lub biegunki z domieszką krwi. 

Niepokojące są także ubytek masy ciała dziecka oraz opóźnienie dojrzewania. Jeśli pojawi się żółtaczka, zmiany okołoodbytnicze, odwodnienie czy gorączka, również należy skonsultować się ze specjalistą. Do lekarza trzeba udać się także w przypadku, gdy w rodzinie występują nieswoiste choroby zapalne jelit, celiakia lub choroba wrzodowa. Poza tym z wizytą nie należy zwlekać, gdy silny ból brzucha pojawił się nagle i towarzyszą mu inne objawy, ponieważ może być konieczna interwencja chirurgiczna. 

Warto dotknąć brzucha dziecka i sprawdzić, czy jest nadmiernie twardy, wzdęty lub w którym miejscu pojawia się ból. Jeśli rodzic zauważy coś niepokojącego, np. powiększenie obwodu brzucha czy asymetrię brzucha, trzeba koniecznie udać się do lekarza, ponieważ może być to objaw guza nerki. 

Najlepiej jest zdać się na własną intuicję i gdy podpowiada, że to może być coś poważnego, zawsze lepiej jest skonsultować się ze specjalistą. Nie bez powodu bóle brzucha są jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn zgłaszania się z dzieckiem do lekarza lub na izbę przyjęć.

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User.com tool enabling identification and monitoring of contacts and users on websites and conducting personalized marketing communication. The User.com tool is provided and operated by our partner, User.com Sp. z o.o. More information on the principles of personal data processing using the User.com tool can be found here: https://user.com/en/privacy-policy/
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